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                  <text>In May and June of 1912, two itinerant photographers arrived in Dubuque and began shooting the photographs that would become the Klauer Collection. For three weeks they traveled throughout the city with a large-format camera and a magnesium-powder flash lamp taking approximately 440 photographs of workers in factories, offices, shops, saloons and even the operating room at Mercy Hospital. We don't know the photographers' names, although they each posed as customers as needed, leaving us with several self-portraits. This type of workplace photography was not unusual in 1912 – itinerant photographers traveled the country photographing cities large and small. However, the fact that most of the glass negatives did survive together, intact for 100 years, is unusual. Itinerant photographers could not carry their solid glass plates with them and instead sold them to junk dealers who scraped the emulsion clean and resold them. Fortunately, the Dubuque photographers sold the plates to Peter Klauer, then President of Klauer Manufacturing Company, who stored them in one of his warehouses. In the 1970s, at least two sets of contact prints were made and in the 1980s, Peter’s grandson, William, donated a set of contact prints to the Center for Dubuque History. Later, 330 of the glass plates - all that remained - were also donated.</text>
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                <text>[Hos Brothers' Saloon]</text>
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                <text>A bartender, dressed in a long-sleeved white shirt, tie and a white apron tied around his waist, is leaning back on a long, wooden counter. In front of him is a bar. Two spittoons are visible on the floor in front of the bar.  On one wall to the right, and behind the bartender, are a clock and a print of a woman in a dark dress, light-colored jacket and large hat, sitting on a bench. There is also a June calendar advertising “Jaeger and Lenehan Insurance.” Behind the bartender on the long counter may be seen a stack of cigar boxes, a large cash register, shot glasses and various glass bottles of liquor. An engraved plaque on the cash register reads “Chas. Hos.” A sale for $0.10 is visible in the window of the cash register.  Also visible are a white towel hanging from a drawer handle on the counter, and a small poster advertising an excursion on a steamboat, to take place on “June 19.” The steamboat appears to be quite large, and is portrayed as having a large cloud of black smoke coming out of its two smoke stacks. Hanging above the counter are advertisements for “Warwick, $1.50 quart,”  “Ask for Thorwick Rye,” “Have a Happy Harper Hi-Ball,” “Potosi Special Brew” and “Old Taylor.” Two “Harper Whiskey” signs are carefully hung at the ends of the counter above raised shelves. On each shelf is displayed a silver tea pot and two whiskey bottles. The number "329" has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number "3" is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                  <text>In May and June of 1912, two itinerant photographers arrived in Dubuque and began shooting the photographs that would become the Klauer Collection. For three weeks they traveled throughout the city with a large-format camera and a magnesium-powder flash lamp taking approximately 440 photographs of workers in factories, offices, shops, saloons and even the operating room at Mercy Hospital. We don't know the photographers' names, although they each posed as customers as needed, leaving us with several self-portraits. This type of workplace photography was not unusual in 1912 – itinerant photographers traveled the country photographing cities large and small. However, the fact that most of the glass negatives did survive together, intact for 100 years, is unusual. Itinerant photographers could not carry their solid glass plates with them and instead sold them to junk dealers who scraped the emulsion clean and resold them. Fortunately, the Dubuque photographers sold the plates to Peter Klauer, then President of Klauer Manufacturing Company, who stored them in one of his warehouses. In the 1970s, at least two sets of contact prints were made and in the 1980s, Peter’s grandson, William, donated a set of contact prints to the Center for Dubuque History. Later, 330 of the glass plates - all that remained - were also donated.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Dubuque Monument Company]</text>
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                <text>Four stone carvers are posing at their workstations. Two of the men may be seen carving pieces of stone.  In the foreground, one man is holding a small hammer and leaning on a gravestone that he is carving for Melvin Winders. The dates “Feb. 28, 1898” and “Aug. 30, 1911” have been carved into the stone.  Various sized chisels and a pair of glasses are lying on the edge of the stone.  The second stone carver is holding a mallet and standing behind a smaller piece of stone.  In the background of the image, the other two men are also holding tools. One of these men is sharpening a chisel on a belt-driven grinder. Various mallets, hammers and other hand tools hang on the walls. Also visible is a calendar advertising  “Jaeger and Lenehan” insurance. Through a window can be seen a sign for “Matz &amp; Brown Tailors.”  A shelf on which are various metal and wooden boxes and a small oil can is also visible behind one of the men. At the end of the shelf is a small card with the name “Alex Gratz” printed on it. There is a spittoon on the floor. Pieces of leather hides are hanging on the rear wall of the workshop. A stove is located towards the front of the room. The stovepipe is suspended from the ceiling, and vents to the outside, between two of the windows.  The number "66" has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. No number is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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Tombs &amp; sepulchral monuments&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>Alex Gratz is listed in the 1912 Dubuque City Directory as living at 151 Arlington Street in Dubuque. His occupation is described as “State Organizer, W.O.W.” &#13;
&#13;
“Matz &amp; Brown Tailors” is listed in the same directory as “A.E. Matz and J. F. Brown, merchant tailors 729 Main.”&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
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                <text>This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>William J. Klauer Collection</text>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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                  <text>In May and June of 1912, two itinerant photographers arrived in Dubuque and began shooting the photographs that would become the Klauer Collection. For three weeks they traveled throughout the city with a large-format camera and a magnesium-powder flash lamp taking approximately 440 photographs of workers in factories, offices, shops, saloons and even the operating room at Mercy Hospital. We don't know the photographers' names, although they each posed as customers as needed, leaving us with several self-portraits. This type of workplace photography was not unusual in 1912 – itinerant photographers traveled the country photographing cities large and small. However, the fact that most of the glass negatives did survive together, intact for 100 years, is unusual. Itinerant photographers could not carry their solid glass plates with them and instead sold them to junk dealers who scraped the emulsion clean and resold them. Fortunately, the Dubuque photographers sold the plates to Peter Klauer, then President of Klauer Manufacturing Company, who stored them in one of his warehouses. In the 1970s, at least two sets of contact prints were made and in the 1980s, Peter’s grandson, William, donated a set of contact prints to the Center for Dubuque History. Later, 330 of the glass plates - all that remained - were also donated.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Clay's Barber Shop]</text>
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                <text>This image is of a long, narrow room. Three barbers are standing behind their metal barber’s chairs, each of which is occupied by a man draped in a large, white cloth. Behind the chairs are porcelain sinks and wall-mounted shelves. On top of the shelves are various-sized glass bottles and shaving mugs.  Under this shelf are piles of towels. Wide mirrors are mounted from waist height to just above head height along each wall. The floor is of patterned, white tile. Along the wall opposite the barber chairs are wooden armchairs and two ornate hat and coat stands.  A male customer is seated in one of the wooden chairs. All of the barbers and customers are Caucasian. The barbers are wearing long-sleeved white coats over their shirts and ties. The barber with the mustache in the foreground is Lovell J. Clay, the owner of the barbershop. At the rear of the room is an African American man, dressed in a white, long-sleeved shirt, bow tie and slacks, and carrying a long-handled broom.  An open screen door is visible on the rear wall between two tall, narrow windows. Electric lights are mounted over the sinks and mirrors. Additional electric lights are hanging from a pressed tin ceiling. The number "118" has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number "1" is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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                <text>162 9th Street, Dubuque, Iowa</text>
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Barbershops&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>According to The Encyclopedia Dubuque (www.encyclopediadubuque.org), Mr. Clay advertised as “The Up-to-Date-Barber, Opp. B&amp;I building, 926 Main St.”&#13;
&#13;
Lovell J. Clay's barbershop is listed at 162 9th Street in the 1912 Dubuque City Directory.  Later directories list the 926 Main Street address.&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Adams Company]</text>
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                <text>Twelve male workers and one male supervisor are shown standing among wooden molds and other equipment used in a foundry. The workers are dressed in work pants or overalls, suspenders and long sleeved shirts rolled up to the elbow. Most of the men are wearing hats. The supervisor is dressed in slacks, vest, white shirt and bowler hat. Two of the men are holding long iron levers. Some molds in the foreground of the image are filled with sand. Others are empty and stacked on the dirt floor, or are hanging from a long pole which extends across the work space. Various pokers and a shovel are hanging on support posts, and a small wooden bucket and hand-operated bellows are also visible. A large metal hoist with chains hanging from one of the pulleys, frames the foreground of the image. No number has been written on the emulsion side of the negative in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “4” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>According to the Encyclopedia Dubuque (www.encyclopediadubuque.org), the foundry department of the Adams Company made a specialty of machine castings. This Dubuque foundry shop was the former manufacturer of Adams-Farwell automobiles. Between 1898 and 1907, the company, with the expert assistance of Fay Oliver Farwell superintendent and engineer, manufactured fifty-two Adams-Farwell automobiles, of which only one is still known to exist. The company continued to specialize in gear cutting, and early in the twentieth century developed and perfected an air-cooled rotary engine that proved crucial to the aircraft industry. The Adams-Farwell rotary engine was being manufactured for use in automobiles by 1901. The engine was extremely light and was ideal for vertical flight. Designed and built by the Adams Company in 1907, this engine powered three, man-lifting experimental helicopters that were flown in 1909 and 1910. Adams-Farwell engines powered fixed-wing aircraft in the United States after 1910.&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>[Tavern, Mr. Bistram, bartender]</text>
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>Although there appears to be a liquor license for the Union Bar visible in this image, the bartender has been identified as “Mr. Bistram.”  The 1912 Dubuque City Directory lists August Bistram, Junior, and Benjamin B. Bistram as the owners of Bistram Brothers Buffet and Saloon, 506 Main Street in Dubuque. The ”Banquet in Bottles” advertising light refers to beer brewed at the Dubuque Brewing and Malting Company, 32nd and Jackson Street, in Dubuque.&#13;
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This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Banner Dairy Lunch]</text>
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Restaurant workers&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>According to the Encyclopedia Dubuque (www.encyclopediadubuque.org), The Banner Dairy Lunch offered a “Quick Clean Lunch at all hours.”&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. &#13;
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>Three men, one of whom is holding a cigar, are standing at a bar, drinking glasses of beer. They are dressed in suits and bowler hats.  The bartender, dressed in a long-sleeved white shirt, tie and apron, is standing behind the bar and in front of a large mirror and counter. Leaning against the counter is another man, dressed in dark shirt, slacks, suspenders and worn fedora. Hanging on the wall opposite the bar are two deer heads and the skull of another animal, possibly a buffalo, while above the mirror may be seen horns mounted on a wooden plaque, and a stuffed bird, possibly a hawk or young eagle,  in flight. Additional stuffed birds and skulls can be seen at the back of the room and two more stuffed birds are partially visible on the far right.  Newspapers are visible on the top of a glass display case full of cigar boxes. Electric lights in ornate glass shades hang from the pressed tin ceiling. Also visible are a coal stove at the end of the room, and spittoons on the floor in front of the bar. The number “405” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “3” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Still image</text>
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                <text>KL 306-345</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132635">
                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132636">
                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Engine Room]</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Photographer unknown</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>One man, dressed in long-sleeved shirt, overalls and cap stands behind a large, belt-driven machine. Beside this gentleman is an oblong tank to which are attached various sized pipes and valves with circular adjusting handles. The pipes lead from the tank to other gauges on the walls of the room. The number “94” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “2” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1912-05/06</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Location unknown</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Machinery&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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            <name>References</name>
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                <text>This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. &#13;
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>William J. Klauer Collection</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Still image</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132650">
                <text>KL 276-423</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132652">
                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132653">
                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Milwaukee Railroad Shops]</text>
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                <text>Photographer unknown</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Six men holding shovels and other tools are standing around a metal tray that is resting on a large block. Hot coals are being shoveled onto the tray. Some of the coals are glowing, and steam and smoke are rising from the tray and into a large hood hanging from the ceiling.  Three other men are standing next to the boiler of a large steam engine that is being constructed in the shop. A bell, vent and stack can be seen on the top of the partially constructed boiler.  All the men are dressed in work clothes and have soot-covered faces and hands. The undercarriage of a railroad car may be seen through a window at the rear of the room. The number “421” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “1” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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Railroad locomotives&#13;
Railroads&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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