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                  <text>In May and June of 1912, two itinerant photographers arrived in Dubuque and began shooting the photographs that would become the Klauer Collection. For three weeks they traveled throughout the city with a large-format camera and a magnesium-powder flash lamp taking approximately 440 photographs of workers in factories, offices, shops, saloons and even the operating room at Mercy Hospital. We don't know the photographers' names, although they each posed as customers as needed, leaving us with several self-portraits. This type of workplace photography was not unusual in 1912 – itinerant photographers traveled the country photographing cities large and small. However, the fact that most of the glass negatives did survive together, intact for 100 years, is unusual. Itinerant photographers could not carry their solid glass plates with them and instead sold them to junk dealers who scraped the emulsion clean and resold them. Fortunately, the Dubuque photographers sold the plates to Peter Klauer, then President of Klauer Manufacturing Company, who stored them in one of his warehouses. In the 1970s, at least two sets of contact prints were made and in the 1980s, Peter’s grandson, William, donated a set of contact prints to the Center for Dubuque History. Later, 330 of the glass plates - all that remained - were also donated.</text>
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                  <text>Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial Works&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Klauer Manufacturing employees in front of corrugated metal roofing machine]</text>
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                <text>Two men dressed in overalls, long sleeved shirts and caps, are standing in front of a large machine. A flat piece of metal appears to have just been pressed into a large, corrugated sheet. Numbers in white paint or chalk are visible on various parts of the machine which was manufactured by “J. M. Robinson Cincinnati O.”   Electrical cables powering the machine, as well as a long belt drive and gears, are visible behind one of the men. A large stack of the corrugated metal sheets is visible in front of the men. The building is partially open to the weather and appears to have been constructed of the same corrugated metal that is being manufactured in this image. </text>
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                <text>Corner 9th and Washington Streets, Dubuque, Iowa</text>
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                <text>Factories&#13;
Warehouses&#13;
Sheetmetal&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) –- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>The Encyclopedia Dubuque (www.encyclopediadubuque.org) indicates that in 1896, Klauer Manufacturing began making metal rain-carrying equipment including eave trough and rain pipe. By 1906 the company began the production of metal roofing and siding, conductor pipe, and eaves and by 1911 the company was supplying metal flume to some of the largest irrigation projects in the nation. The company added such products as metal fireproof window frames and sash, roof ornaments, skylights, steel ceilings, solder, asbestos paper and roof cement. At that time, the company was  the world's largest manufacturer of conductor pipe.&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014.&#13;
&#13;
The original glass plate negative was lost. A gelatin silver print created in the 1970s remains.</text>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a gelatin silver print scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Dressmaker's workroom]</text>
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                <text>A female supervisor or teacher and six young women are posing in a cramped workroom. The women are wearing dresses of various styles, however all of the dresses have either jewel or high necklines, long skirts and either three-quarter or long sleeves. Four of the women are also wearing white aprons. A pin cushion is attached to the belt of one of the women. Two of the young women are seated at sewing machines, while two others are sewing or embroidering by hand. One is embroidering an apron. Another woman is ironing on an ironing board with an electric iron, while another woman appears to be dampening garments before they are ironed. Aprons and other smaller items of clothing are hanging on a clothes line at the rear of the room. Additional items of clothing are draped over screens behind the ironing board. One of the women at the front of the image appears to be using a sewing machine to sew together pre-cut pieces of striped fabric. Electric lights hang over the sewing machine. The iron is connected to an outlet that hangs from an electric cord dangling from the ceiling. The number “76” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “3” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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                <text>Sewing&#13;
Clothing &amp; dress&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>The supervisor-teacher facing left in the image has been identified as Frieda Roescheise, dressmaker. &#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. &#13;
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
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                <text>[Engine Room]</text>
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Tavern]</text>
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                <text>Three men, one of whom is holding a cigar, are standing at a bar, drinking glasses of beer. They are dressed in suits and bowler hats.  The bartender, dressed in a long-sleeved white shirt, tie and apron, is standing behind the bar and in front of a large mirror and counter. Leaning against the counter is another man, dressed in dark shirt, slacks, suspenders and worn fedora. Hanging on the wall opposite the bar are two deer heads and the skull of another animal, possibly a buffalo, while above the mirror may be seen horns mounted on a wooden plaque, and a stuffed bird, possibly a hawk or young eagle,  in flight. Additional stuffed birds and skulls can be seen at the back of the room and two more stuffed birds are partially visible on the far right.  Newspapers are visible on the top of a glass display case full of cigar boxes. Electric lights in ornate glass shades hang from the pressed tin ceiling. Also visible are a coal stove at the end of the room, and spittoons on the floor in front of the bar. The number “405” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “3” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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Bartenders&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>[Banner Dairy Lunch]</text>
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                <text>A long, light colored, marble counter dominates this image. On one end may be seen a large selection of desserts including cake slices, pies, and the feature of the day, for ten cents  - “Strawberry Shortcake with Whipped Cream,” and “served in a bowl with extra cream.”  Next to the desserts are two large serving bowls and plates with rolls, bread slices and donuts. Additional desserts are visible at the far end of the counter. In the center of the counter is a cash register, registering a twenty-five cent sale. Two signs advertising “Combination Salad” for ten cents are on either side of the cash register. Three men, all dressed in white coats, shirts and ties, are standing behind the counter near the cash register. Five large silver urns for dispensing liquids are behind the men. Over the urns is a hood with a sign that reads “To avoid mistakes please pay when served.” Over the hood is a “Please Don’t Smoke” sign. On either side of the hood are menu boards which advertise selections such as “Hot Egg Sandwich,” “Baked Beans” or “Buttermilk” for five cents each. Other selections include “Hot Chicken Pie,” Cream of Tomato Soup,” “Roast Beef Sandwich” or “Irish Stew” for  ten cents each, and “Roast Beef, Mashed Potatoes” for fifteen cents. A large, electric chandelier hangs from the white, pressed tin ceiling. The floor is tile, in a circular pattern. The number “251” has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number “3” is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Tavern, Mr. Bistram, bartender]</text>
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Bartenders&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>Although there appears to be a liquor license for the Union Bar visible in this image, the bartender has been identified as “Mr. Bistram.”  The 1912 Dubuque City Directory lists August Bistram, Junior, and Benjamin B. Bistram as the owners of Bistram Brothers Buffet and Saloon, 506 Main Street in Dubuque. The ”Banquet in Bottles” advertising light refers to beer brewed at the Dubuque Brewing and Malting Company, 32nd and Jackson Street, in Dubuque.&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>According to the Encyclopedia Dubuque (www.encyclopediadubuque.org), the foundry department of the Adams Company made a specialty of machine castings. This Dubuque foundry shop was the former manufacturer of Adams-Farwell automobiles. Between 1898 and 1907, the company, with the expert assistance of Fay Oliver Farwell superintendent and engineer, manufactured fifty-two Adams-Farwell automobiles, of which only one is still known to exist. The company continued to specialize in gear cutting, and early in the twentieth century developed and perfected an air-cooled rotary engine that proved crucial to the aircraft industry. The Adams-Farwell rotary engine was being manufactured for use in automobiles by 1901. The engine was extremely light and was ideal for vertical flight. Designed and built by the Adams Company in 1907, this engine powered three, man-lifting experimental helicopters that were flown in 1909 and 1910. Adams-Farwell engines powered fixed-wing aircraft in the United States after 1910.&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132588">
                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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                  <text>In May and June of 1912, two itinerant photographers arrived in Dubuque and began shooting the photographs that would become the Klauer Collection. For three weeks they traveled throughout the city with a large-format camera and a magnesium-powder flash lamp taking approximately 440 photographs of workers in factories, offices, shops, saloons and even the operating room at Mercy Hospital. We don't know the photographers' names, although they each posed as customers as needed, leaving us with several self-portraits. This type of workplace photography was not unusual in 1912 – itinerant photographers traveled the country photographing cities large and small. However, the fact that most of the glass negatives did survive together, intact for 100 years, is unusual. Itinerant photographers could not carry their solid glass plates with them and instead sold them to junk dealers who scraped the emulsion clean and resold them. Fortunately, the Dubuque photographers sold the plates to Peter Klauer, then President of Klauer Manufacturing Company, who stored them in one of his warehouses. In the 1970s, at least two sets of contact prints were made and in the 1980s, Peter’s grandson, William, donated a set of contact prints to the Center for Dubuque History. Later, 330 of the glass plates - all that remained - were also donated.</text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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                <text>[Clay's Barber Shop]</text>
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                <text>This image is of a long, narrow room. Three barbers are standing behind their metal barber’s chairs, each of which is occupied by a man draped in a large, white cloth. Behind the chairs are porcelain sinks and wall-mounted shelves. On top of the shelves are various-sized glass bottles and shaving mugs.  Under this shelf are piles of towels. Wide mirrors are mounted from waist height to just above head height along each wall. The floor is of patterned, white tile. Along the wall opposite the barber chairs are wooden armchairs and two ornate hat and coat stands.  A male customer is seated in one of the wooden chairs. All of the barbers and customers are Caucasian. The barbers are wearing long-sleeved white coats over their shirts and ties. The barber with the mustache in the foreground is Lovell J. Clay, the owner of the barbershop. At the rear of the room is an African American man, dressed in a white, long-sleeved shirt, bow tie and slacks, and carrying a long-handled broom.  An open screen door is visible on the rear wall between two tall, narrow windows. Electric lights are mounted over the sinks and mirrors. Additional electric lights are hanging from a pressed tin ceiling. The number "118" has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number "1" is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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                <text>1912-05/06</text>
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                <text>162 9th Street, Dubuque, Iowa</text>
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Barbershops&#13;
Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>According to The Encyclopedia Dubuque (www.encyclopediadubuque.org), Mr. Clay advertised as “The Up-to-Date-Barber, Opp. B&amp;I building, 926 Main St.”&#13;
&#13;
Lovell J. Clay's barbershop is listed at 162 9th Street in the 1912 Dubuque City Directory.  Later directories list the 926 Main Street address.&#13;
&#13;
This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001</text>
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                <text>William J. Klauer Collection</text>
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                <text>KL 083-383</text>
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                <text>Digital image captured using a Microtek ScanMaker 8700 with transparent media adapter. TIFF file created from a glass plate negative scanned in 16 - bit grey scale at 1200 ppi. </text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="132572">
                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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Glass negatives&#13;
Gelatin silver prints&#13;
Itinerant Photographers</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
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                <text>[Swift &amp; Company office]</text>
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                <text>Two men, one seated at a large desk and the other leaning on a counter, are looking at the photographer. Each man is wearing a long-sleeved, light-colored shirt with sleeves rolled up to the elbows, a tie and slacks. One man is wearing a hat. On the desk are a telephone, blank order sheet, open receipt book, wire basket with papers in it, and an open ink well.   Forms attached to clipboards and piles of papers are hanging and pinned to the wall behind the counter. Above these may be seen wooden cubbyholes full of more books and papers. A scale, bottles and inkwells are on top of the cubbyholes. In a wall-mounted shelf are two catalogs. Partially visible on one are the letters “station” and “icago.” Visible on the other is“raska.” The walls are of dark finished wainscoting.  Hanging on the back wall of the office are framed posters for “Swift’s Animal Foods,” and “Swift’s Silver Leaf Lard.” Next to the posters is a framed certificate reading “U. S. Government Meat Inspection Tag and Brand.” Also along the rear wall are a four-drawer file cabinet and a large metal safe with the word “Swift” printed above the door. A metal fan is on top of the safe.  Electric wires are strung from the ceiling to the fan and to a light that hangs over the desk. A stove is visible to the left of the desk at the front of the room. The number "196" has been written on the emulsion side of the negative and is visible in the upper right corner of the picture. The number "3" is written in the upper left corner.</text>
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                <text>575 6th Street, Dubuque, Iowa</text>
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Dubuque (Iowa) -- Pictorial works&#13;
William J. Klauer Collection. City at Work Project&#13;
Glass negatives&#13;
Itinerant photographers</text>
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                <text>This image was displayed in the “City at Work” exhibit at the Dubuque Museum of Art, December 7, 2013 – March 24, 2014. </text>
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                <text>Contact The Center for Dubuque History at Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, Iowa 52001 or call (563) 588-7100 © 2013 LORAS COLLEGE</text>
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                <text>This record is part of the William J. Klauer Collection held by The Center for Dubuque History, Loras College, Dubuque, Iowa. </text>
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